Property

In a recent decision, the Court of Final Appeal concluded that, according to the deed of mutual covenants (DMC), external walls in a multi-storey building are considered common parts. They emphasized that the first assignment’s reservation clause, granting exclusive use to the developer, doesn’t override the DMC’s designation. The DMC outlines common areas, binding all co-owners with mutual covenants. Thus, the status of external walls is solely determined by the DMC, with the first assignment aiding interpretation only if the DMC is ambiguous.Our Property Group advises about all aspects of land law and we act in all types of property litigation. The core themes are:

  1. Commercial landlord and tenant: rent reviews, contested and uncontested renewals, covenants and consents, forfeiture and relief, dilapidations;
  2. Development: options, pre-emption and contracts for sale, joint ventures and overage, planning agreements, daylight and ways, cables, pipes and drains, demolition and construction, injunctions and specific performance, possession and orders for sale, compulsory purchase;
  3. Mortgages, charges and security: receivership, possession and sale, disputed validity and priority;
  4. Residential landlord and tenant: statutory, assured and secure tenancies, enfranchisement and service charge, enforcement of covenants;
  5. Rural economy: agricultural holdings and farm business tenancies, commons and village greens, mines and minerals, sporting rights, wayleaves and waterways; and
  6. Title: land registration, rectification and priorities, trusts and beneficial ownership, boundaries and easements, restrictive covenants, adverse possession, overriding interests, unregistered land.

Most members of our Property Group are also members of other groups in chambers, such as those dealing with Insolvency or Professional Liability or Trusts, Tax, Probate and Estates. We recognise that property problems do not always come neatly packaged, and sometimes require a breadth of knowledge and experience, transcending the traditional boundaries of conveyancing and land law. One of our strengths is that we can provide people at all levels of seniority who have the cross-disciplinary expertise to deal with the whole problem, and not just the property parts of it. Yet we also have experts in some of the narrowest niches of property law, such as art, cultural property and heirlooms, drones and air rights, manors and inclosure, oil, gas and fracking, strict settlements and perpetuities, and telecommunications. No matter how esoteric or difficult the property problem, we probably have someone who already knows about it, and who has helped to solve it before.

Although we are primarily advocates, not all of our work is contentious. When required, we can also advise upon the appropriate structures, and help to draft the necessary instruments, to solve complex transactional problems; something that will work for all parties to the deal. Nor is our work confined to this jurisdiction. The legacy of the British Empire means that English land law still has a surprisingly long reach. In addition to appearing in the Privy Council members of the group also sometimes advise upon the law in, and travel to, Bermuda and the Caribbean, Ireland, Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand.

Publications

Rankings and recognition

Wilberforce is ranked as a leading property set in both Chambers & Partners and The Legal 500.

Chambers & Partners 2025: Wilberforce Chambers acts on a wide range of property matters, including both residential and commercial landlord and tenant cases, development disputes, title disputes and agricultural property cases. Members appear frequently in the Court of Appeal and Supreme Court. This year the set has been instructed in such matters as Annington Property Ltd & Others v The Secretary of State for Defence, and Manchester Ship Canal Company v United Utilities Water. A source reports: “The Wilberforce team is able to deal with the most complex and difficult cases with great skill and care.” Another interviewee adds: “Wilberforce Chambers is one of the best in the market, and its bench strength is stellar.

Legal 500 2025: Wilberforce Chambers‘ team continues to act on a broad range of property disputes, with mortgage litigation, commercial and residential landlord and tenant issues and development disputes being prominent in the group’s recent workload. Joanne Wicks KC and Daniel Petrides are acting in R(Annington Property Ltd & ors) v The Secretary of State for Defence, which is due to be heard by the Court of Appeal, concerning whether the MoD can reacquire a significant portfolio of properties via enfranchisement law. Jonathan Seitler KC appeared in Jalla v Shell, a Supreme Court case clarifying what constitutes a continuing nuisance following a major oil spill off the coast of Nigeria that damaged the appellant’s land. Jonathan Davey KC is highly regarded for his expertise in advising on property disputes involving tax issues. In July 2023 Mark Wonnacott KC retired from practice.

The Legal 500 Awards 2023: Benjamin Faulkner wins Property and Housing Junior of the Year and John McGhee KC and Jonathan Seitler KC are shortlisted for Property and Housing Silk of the Year.

Chambers Bar Awards 2022: Jonathan Seitler KC wins Real Estate Silk of the Year and Benjamin Faulkner is shortlisted for Real Estate Junior of the Year

The Legal 500 Awards 2022: Joanne Wicks KC wins Real Estate Silk of the Year

The Legal 500 UK Awards 2020: Wilberforce wins Real Estate Set of the Year

Chambers Bar Awards 2018: Wilberforce wins Real Estate Set of the Year

Notable cases

Lea and Others v GP Ilfracombe Management Co Ltd [2024]

[2024] EWCA Civ 1241

The Court of Appeal handed down judgment  in an important case concerning the jurisdiction to award costs in proceedings in the First Tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) (‘F-tT’) and the Upper Tribunal. Under Rule 13 of the relevant Tribunal Rules, costs can, essentially, only be awarded against another party where that party has ‘acted unreasonably in bringing, defending or conducting proceedings’. There is an equivalent rule for the Upper Tribunal, which is identically worded. This case now becomes the definitive ruling as to what ‘unreasonably’ means in this context.

Read the full judgment

Manchester Ship Canal Company Ltd v United Utilities Water Ltd (no.2) [2024]

[2024] UKSC 22

The Supreme Court overturned the Court of Appeal’s judgment and held that where foul water was discharged into watercourses a common law claim for nuisance could be maintained. The Court, however, made clear that whether injunctive relief would follow would require consideration of the impact of such relief on the applicable regulatory framework. The Supreme Court also rejected the submission that Marcic v Thames Water plc [2003] UKHL 66 should be overruled: so, the only remedy for sewer flooding due to the inadequacy of sewerage infrastructure as described in Marcic was through the regulatory framework under the Water Industry Act 1991.

Read the full judgment

The Tropical Zoo Ltd v The Mayor and Burgesses of the London Borough of Hounslow [2024]

[2024] EWHC 1240 (Ch)

Bacon J found in favour of the Defendant, holding that it was entitled to forfeit the Lease, and that the Claimant should not be granted relief. Particularly interesting to practitioners for its discussion of the test to be applied in cases of waiver of the right to forfeit by delayed return of rent, the interaction between the law of agency and the law of waiver, the question of whether waiver can occur during the lifetime of a s.146 notice, and as an example of a case in which the court declined relief from forfeiture.

Read the full judgment

Donora Company Limited v The Incorporated Owners of Tsuen Kam Centre [2024]

[2024] HKCFA 3

The Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal allowed the appeal and held that, on the proper construction of the deed of mutual covenants (DMC), the external walls are common parts in that multi-storey building. The relevant character of the external walls is to be determined by reference to the DMC, though the first assignment may be referred to as an aid to construction in case of ambiguity in the DMC.

Read the full judgment

Water Plus Limited and another v Brendon International Limited [2024]

[2024] EWCA Civ 220

A Court of Appeal case claiming restitution of alleged overcharges for sewerage services. The judgment clarifies the operation of the burden of proof in such circumstances, and provides guidance about the ability of factual witnesses to give expert evidence without the Court’s permission which will be of interest to practitioners more generally.

Read the full judgment

 

IAA Vehicle Services v HBC Limited [2024]

[2024] EWHC 1 (Ch)

High Court grants specific performance of three leasehold options.

The Claimant had served valid notices to exercise valuable options in three leases but had omitted to pay the 10% deposits which were due by midnight on the date the Claimant exercised the options.

Read the full judgment

Asturion Fondation v Alibrahim [2023]

[2023] EWHC 3305 (Ch)

The case, one of The Lawyer’s Top 20 Cases of 2023, concerns a multimillion-pound property on The Bishop’s Avenue (sometimes known as “Billionaire’s Row”) in North London.

The judgment, in addition to dealing with questions of Liechtenstein, Swiss and Shari’a Law, addresses a number of principles of English property and trusts law and conflicts of laws.

Read the full judgment

Gill v Lees News Ltd [2023]

[2023] EWCA Civ 1178

The Court of Appeal gives important guidance on some of the grounds on which a landlord may oppose the grant of a new tenancy to a business tenant under the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954.

Read the full judgment

CPF One Limited & anor v Ortus Secured Finance I Limited [2023]

[2023] EWHC 2102 (Ch)

Successfully obtaining summary judgment in the defendants’ favour.

This judgment is be of especial interest to commercial lenders, particularly those operating in the realm of property and development finance.

Read the full judgment

Ensign House Limited v FEC Development Management Limited & Ors [2023]

[2023] EWHC 1563 (Ch)

The 342-page judgment contains much that will be of interest to practitioners in the field, including findings on the nature of fiduciary duties owed by different kinds of property agents, and the nature of negotiating damages for breaches of broad NDAs.

Read the full judgment

Manchester Ship Canal Company Ltd v United Utilities Water Ltd [2023]

[2022] EWCA Civ 852

The latest round of the litigation between the Manchester Ship Canal Company and United Utilities Water Ltd about discharges from sewers into the canal. Supreme Court judgment awaited.

R (Annington Property Ltd) & Ors v Secretary of State for Defence & Ors [2023]

[2023] EWHC 1154 (Admin)

Deciding whether the MoD had the right to enfranchise eight homes occupied by the families of military personnel, in a test case named as one of The Lawyer’s Top 20 Cases of 2023. The Judge decided that the MoD could enfranchise all eight houses.

Read the full judgment

Jalla & Anr v Shell International Trading and Shipping Company & Anr [2023]

[2023] UKSC 16

A Supreme Court appeal concerning the law of continuing private nuisance. The Claimants, who live and own property by or in the hinterland of the Nigerian Atlantic shoreline, brought a claim against various entities in the Royal Dutch Shell group of companies in respect of an oil spill that occurred in the offshore Bonga oil field in late 2011. This was one of the largest offshore oil spills in Nigerian oil exploration history.

Read the full judgment

Cayman Shores Development Ltd and another v Registrar of Lands and Others [2023]

[2023]

The Cayman Islands Court of Appeal clarifies important aspects of Cayman Islands’ property law regarding restrictive agreements, easements and Land Register rectification.

Bank of New York Mellon v Cine-UK and London Trocadero v Picturehouse Cinemas [2022]

[2022] EWCA Civ 1021

Much-talked-about Covid rent arrears claims heard together in the Court of Appeal. Recognised as Estates Gazette’s top property case of 2022.

Read the full judgment

Cornerstone v Compton Beauchamp; Cornerstone v Ashloch; On Tower v AP Wireless [2022]

[2022] UKSC 18

Three Supreme Court cases heard together. The first time the Supreme Court case has considered the new Telecoms Code. And the first Supreme Court ruling on who is an occupier for the purposes of the Telecoms Code. The judgment is a significant boost for operators and will make it much easier for them to secure the agreements required for the roll out of 5G services. Recognised as one of Estates Gazette’s Top 10 Cases of 2022.

Read the full the judgment

 

Bath Rugby Ltd v Greenwood & Ors v Bath Recreation Ltd [2021]

[2021] EWCA Civ 1927

The most significant restrictive covenant case to reach the Court of Appeal for 10 years, settling the issue as to whether a restrictive covenant can be annexed to a ‘neighbourhood’.

Read the full judgment

 

Wynne-Finch & Ors v Natural Resources Body for Wales [2021]

[2021] EWCA Civ 1473

A landmark decision in the most complex mines and minerals case to be litigated for many years (decades). The case was about the ownership of mudstone across 40 titles covering hundreds of acres of forestry land controlled by the defendant, Natural Resources.

Read the full judgment

 

Capitol Park Leeds v Global Radio Services [2021]

[2021] EWCA CIV 995

A high-profile case about tenant break clauses. The matter concerned a three-storey modern commercial unit, constructed in 2000, outside Leeds.

Read the full judgment

TFS Stores Ltd v Designer Retail Outlet (Mansfield) General Partner Ltd [2021]

[2021] EWCA Civ 688

A Court of Appeal case about the process by which business tenants agree to give up the security of tenure they would otherwise have under the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954.

Read the full judgment

 

Fishbourne Developments Limited v Stephens [2020]

[2020] EWCA Civ 1704

The Court of Appeal underlines the importance of the factual context and commercial common sense when interpreting the trigger for the exercise of an option over development land. This was an expedited appeal about the interpretation of an option agreement to acquire a 117-acre farm in the village of Fishbourne, near Chichester in West Sussex.

Read the full judgment

Alexander Devine Children’s Cancer Trust v Housing Solutions Ltd [2020]

[2020] UKSC 45

The first ever case in which the highest court (whether House of Lords or Supreme Court) has considered s.84(1) of the Law of Property Act 1925 – the power of the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber) to modify or discharge restrictive covenants.

Read the full judgment

TFS Stores Ltd v BMG (Ashford) Ltd & Ors [2020]

[2020] EWCA Civ 833

The Court of Appeal gives important clarity and breathing space to commercial and residential tenants by confirming that all parts of proceedings involving a claim for possession brought by a landlord are automatically stayed.

Read the full judgment

 

Duval v 11-13 Randolph Crescent Ltd [2020]

[2020] UKSC 18

Estates Gazette’s No. 1 Property Case of 2020. A Supreme Court appeal with very important ramifications for flat owners and the landlords of blocks of flats. The Supreme Court decided that if a landlord has promised leaseholders that it will enforce the covenants in their neighbours’ leases, it cannot give permission for works to other flats without the consent of everybody in the block.

Read the full judgment

 

University of London v Cornerstone Telecommunications Infrastructure Limited [2019]

[2019] EWCA Civ 2075

The first case in the Court of Appeal on Interim Rights and temporary Rights under the new Telecommunications Code. The result has been a massive boost for mobile phone operators in terms of their ability to put telcoms kit where they like.

Read the full judgment

 

Sequent Nominees Ltd v Hautford Ltd [2019]

[2019] UKSC 47

The Supreme Court by majority of 3 to 2 reverses unanimous Court of Appeal decision and holds that a landlord’s refusal of consent to an application for change of planning use was reasonable.

Read the full judgment

 

Great Dunmow Estates Limited v Crest Nicholson Operations Ltd & Ors [2019]

[2019] EWCA Civ 1683

Success in the Court of Appeal in the highest value case in this country on the question of when a Court can intervene in an expert determination under a property contract.

Read the full judgment

 

Gaia v Abbeygate Helical [2019]

[2019] EWCA Civ 823

A case about whether a developer, Abbeygate Helical, had fulfilled its obligation to use ‘reasonable endeavours’ to satisfy certain conditions ‘as soon as reasonably practicable’ so as to trigger an obligation to make a £1.4million overage payment. The conditions related to ’site assembly’, specifically the acquisition of and variation to various interests to enable the development to take place.

Read the full judgment

Churston Golf Club v Richard Haddock [2019]

[2019] EWCA Civ 544

The Court of Appeal overturns the decision of Birss J that a standard form of fencing covenant should be treated as an anomalous “fencing easement”, capable of binding successors in title.

Read the full judgement

 

Canary Wharf v European Medicines Agency [2019]

[2019] EWHC 335 (Ch)

A landmark case whereby The European Medicines Agency, the EU regulator of medicines, claimed that its 25-year lease of premises in Canary Wharf would be “frustrated” – i.e. brought automatically to an end – by Brexit. The case attracted significant press and legal interest and appeared as one of The Lawyer’s Top 20 Cases of 2019.

Read the full judgment

 

S Franses v The Cavendish Hotel [2018]

[2018] UKSC 62

The first case to go to the Supreme Court on the business tenancies legislation, under which business tenants are entitled to renew their leases when they come to an end. It affects large numbers of business tenants and their landlords.

Read the full judgment

 

Clutterbuck & Paton v Cleghorn [2018]

[2018] EWHC 2125 (Ch)

After a three-week trial the High Court dismissed the Claimants’ claims for fraudulent misrepresentation and breach of a property joint venture agreement.

Read the full judgment

No.1 West India Quay v East Tower Apartments [2018]

[2018] EWCA Civ 250

This was the first case under the Landlord and Tenant Act 1988 relating to residential long leases, to reach the higher courts.

Read the full judgment

Sackville v Robertson Taylor [2018]

[2018] EWHC 122 (Ch)

Orientfield Holdings Ltd v Bird & Bird [2017]

[2017] EWCA Civ 348

Clutterbuck v Cleghorn [2017]

[2017] EWCA Civ 137

The Court of Appeal considered the correct approach to cases of alleged abuse of process comprising a failure to follow the guidelines in relation to overlapping claims set out in Aldi Stores [2008] 1 WLR 748.

Read the full judgment

Wensley v Persons Unknown [2017]

Vivienne Westwood v Conduit Street Devpts[2017]

Matchmove v Dowding [2016]

Catalyst Housing Limited v Martin [2016]

SEPT v Laindon [2016]

Bryant Homes Southern Ltd v Stein Management Ltd [2016]

Insights View all thought leadership

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    News

    Wilberforce features in two of Estates Gazette’s Top 10 Cases of 2024

    EG (Estates Gazette) has released its annual podcast, discussing the most significant property law cases of the past year, and we are pleased to announce that Wilberforce members appear in case number 9 and case number 2 on the 2024... Read more

    Friday 20 December 2024

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    Recent Cases

    MOD and Annington Homes reach settlement following a major piece of long-running litigation

    Property

    Joanne Wicks KC | Daniel Petrides
    Thursday 19 December 2024

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    Recent Cases

    Court of Appeal hands down Judgment in Important Costs Case

    Property

    Martin Hutchings KC
    Tuesday 22 October 2024

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    Recent Cases

    Leicester Square Ltd & ors v Empire Cinema [2024] EWHC 2294 (Ch)

    Property

    Jonathan Seitler KC | Benjamin Faulkner
    Tuesday 10 September 2024

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    Events / Webinars

    Save the Date: Wilberforce celebrates the first 100 years of the Law of Property Act 1925

    Thursday 1 May 2025 | 12.30pm - 6pm, followed by drinks and canapés,
    The View at The Royal College of Surgeons

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Past events View all past events

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    External Conferences

    PLA Northern Training Day 2024

    Thursday 26th September 2024
    The Midland Hotel, Manchester

    Speakers:
    Joanne Wicks KC

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    External Conferences

    Shoosmiths – Back to Basics III: Focus on the Future

    Thursday 19 September 2024
    Council House, Birmingham

    5.0 CPD

    Speakers:
    Martin Hutchings KC | Harriet Holmes | Daniel Petrides

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    External Conferences

    Take Notice – a joint PLA/PBA panel event

    Wednesday 10th July 2024
    Hogan Lovells, Atlantic House Holborn Viaduct, London EC1A 2FG

    Speakers:
    Alice Hawker

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    External Conferences

    London International Disputes Week 2024

    Thursday 6th June 2024
    London

    Speakers:
    Joanne Wicks KC

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